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p53 and Apoptosis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

p53 as a tumor suppressor; Regulation of transcription by p53; Activation of p53 by oncogenic stress; Transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms for p53- mediated apoptosis; Regulation of p53 by Mdm2

p53 Family: Function and Molecular Mechanisms - (Henry Stewart Talks)

p53/p63/p73 family; DNA damage elicits repair mechanisms involving the tumour suppressor gene p53 and two newer members of the same family: p63 and p73; Molecular events driven by DNA damage to elicit the function of p63/p73 and transcriptional regulation

Pain and symptom control in palliative care: new ways to think about old drugs - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Medical decision making; Cancer patients’ symptom burden; Why treat pain?; Cancer pain: a significant problem; Pain affects patients throughout the disease course; Causes of pain in cancer patients; Consequences of inadequately managed pain

Pain mechanisms in the spinal cord - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Role of the spinal cord in pain processing; The dorsal horn of the spinal cord as a crossroads for pain transmission; Projection of primary sensory afferents to the spinal dorsal horn; Sensory outputs of the spinal cord; Classes of spinal cord neuron involved in pain processing

Paleolithic Lifestyle and Prevention of Chronic Disease - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Stone Age genes and Space Age lives; Chronic degenerative diseases; Case illustrations: from dental caries to diabetes; Paleolithic health promotion: deviation from the basics of ancestral life increases disease risk whilst reversion reduces it

Pancreatitis and Calcium Signaling - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Normal Calcium signaling events in pancreatic acinar cells; Hyperstimulation as a cause of sustained global elevation of the cytosolic [Calcium], Calcium-dependent vacuolization and Calcium-dependent protease activation"

Papillomaviruses and HPV Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer and other HPV-associated Diseases - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Cervical cancer is attributable to multiple HPV types; HPV16 predominates; Cervical cancer: time line of cervical HPV infections, progression and natural history; Key features of HPV pathogenesis; Challenges to development of a preventive HPV vaccine"

Parathyroid hormone and PTHrp - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Relationship between PTH and PTHrP; Biological actions of PTH and PTHrP; Control of PTH secretion; Mechanisms of action of PTH and PTHrP; Clinical correlates

Parkinson's Disease - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Clinical symptoms of PD; Current knowledge on pathological mechanisms; Epidemiological facts; Genetic factors; Clinical management and DA replacement therapy; Importance of nonmotor symptoms; Future treatment directions

Parkinson's Disease and Transplants - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Pathological features of Parkinson's disease; Limitations of current drug therapies; Possible alternative therapies; Deep brain stimulation; Growth factor infusions; Neural transplants; Human fetal allograph transplants

Past, Present and Future of Vaccination - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"History of vaccines, with four lessons of vaccinology; New vaccines, including those against rotavirus, influenza, zoster and human papillomaviruses; New strategies of vaccine development"

Pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes; Risk and effect of obesity; "Metabolic syndrome"; Pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome; Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in the fat-fed dog model; "Overflow" hypothesis; Control diet and high fat diet"

Pathogenic Mechanisms of Autoantibodies - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Loss of tolerance for "self"; Immune response to "self"; Self destruction; Etiology of autoimmune diseases: endogenous and exogenous factors; Mechanisms of autoimmunity; The spectrum of autoimmune diseases; Organ-specific and non-organ-specific disorders"

Pathophysiology and Management of Obesity Related Hypertension - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Prevalence of hypertension; Abdominal obesity and blood pressure; Myocardial infarction risk; Obesity and cardiovascular risk; Pathophysiology of obesity hypertension; Leptin; Cardiorenal effects of obesity; Renin-angiotensin system in obesity

Pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Cerebral ischemia; Stroke; Pathophysiology of ischemic brain damage; Penumbra; Reversible vs. irreversible brain damage; Imaging of development of ischemic damage; Imaging of development of ischemic damage in experimental models and patients with stroke

Pathways of Apoptosis in Muscle - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Introduction and importance of nuclear apoptosis in skeletal muscle; Loading and nuclear apoptosis of myonuclei and satellite cells; Apoptosis in muscle with unloading and denervation; Mitochondrial-induced caspase-dependent signaling

Patient with pain: a palliative care approach - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Pain manifestations and functional pain assessments; Sources of distress other than pain that patients call "pain"; Clinician, patient, and family barriers to controlling pain; Pain at the end of life"

Pattern Discovery in Bioinformatics - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Why pattern discovery?; Sequence patterns: representations and protein sequence; Patterns of DNA-protein interactions; Structure patterns: representations, discovery and applications; Sequence-structure patterns"

Pediatric stroke - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Different causes for stroke and approaches to stroke treatment in infants, children and adults; Often multi-factorial role of anticoagulants; Different from atherosclerotic adult stroke"

Peopling of the Americas: New Insights from Genetic Studies - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Anthropological background; Clovis first model; Pleistocene overkill hypothesis; Megafauna extinction models; Cactus Hill; Topper site; Monte Verde; New coastal routes into the New World; Was Clovis first?

Permutation Tests - (Henry Stewart Talks)

What is a permutation test?; Usual test procedure; What is different about permutation tests?; Choice of test statistics; Generating the data; Assessing the significance; Sample size calculations; Tests based on permutation

Peroxynitrite biochemistry oxidation and nitration reactions - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Peroxynitrite formation; Peroxynitrite reaction and decomposition pathways: reaction of ONOOH with thiols; Cysteine oxidation by peroxynitrite; Reactivity of thiols with peroxynitrite; Reaction of peroxynitrite with transition metal centers

Perspectives in biological catalysis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"How does the entire protein structure foster catalysis?; Are the times-scales for protein structural changes and the enzymatic catalytic cycle similar?; Within a given protein family, how interchangeable are protein fragments with retention of catalysis"

Perspectives in Biological Catalysis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"How does the entire protein structure foster catalysis?; Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR): reaction, catalysis, dynamics and structure; DHFR chain: mutant selection criteria; Are the mutations coupled or not coupled?"

PET Ligands and Metabolic Brain Imaging - (Henry Stewart Talks)

PET imaging using tracers; Advantages of new types of tracers; In-vivo imaging; Imaging with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG); Diagnostic features of Alzheimer's disease

Pharmacogenetic Prediction of Treatment Response - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Causes of treatment variability; Clinical predictors; Biological predictors; Metabolic enzymes; Drug targets; Pharmacogenetics of psychiatric disorders; Prediction tests for antipsychotic response; Clinical applications of pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics of the P450s - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Effect on metabolism of polymorphic enzymes; Duplication, multiduplication or amplification of active P450 genes; Reduced drug efficacy and adverse reactions; Drug dose; Polymorphisms and cancer risk; Evolutionary basis and interethnic differences"

Pharmacogenetics: progress, pitfalls and clinical potential - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Therapeutic index, genetic variation determining codine and thiopurine metabolism; Pharmacogenetics and statin response, involvement of HMG co-reductase; Statin response in patients with FH; Anti-inflammatory effects of statins and the IL-6 gene"

Pharmacogenomics - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Pharmacogenomics; Definition; Clinical relevance; Types of genetic variation; Sources of genetic variation; Sample sources and types; Genotyping technologies; Problems with pharmacogenomics studies; Sample sizes; Statistical considerations

Phase I study design for non-cytotoxic agents - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Phase I study development: role in clinical drug development; Terminology; Phase I study objectives; Preclinical data requirements; Efficacy; Target modulation; Toxicity; PK checklist; Phase I study conduct; Determination of the RPTD; Cytotoxic agent

Phase III trials - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Phase III trials: definition and difficulties; Statistical aspects: planning, execution and analysis; Why phase III trials?; Phase II results are not always correct; Unsuspected risks and benefits may be revealed; Economic analysis"

Phospholipase C Gamma - (Henry Stewart Talks)

PLC-gamma in growth factor signaling; PLC-gamma as an enzyme; Substrate and products; PLC family members; Domains; Association of PLC-gamma with activated receptor tyrosine kinases and membranes; Tyrosine phosphorylation sites of PLC-gamma

Phosphoserine/threonine binding domains: molecular integrators of protein kinase signaling in cell cycle control and cancer - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Protein phosphorylation; Historical perspective on signaling by tyrosine kinases; The human kinome; How can phosphorylation control enzyme activity; The new 'dogma' of signal transduction by serine/threonine kinases; New phospho-binding domains

Photosynthesis: Carbon Assimilation - (Henry Stewart Talks)

The Benson-Calvin cycle; Synthesis of starch and sucrose; Rubisco and its regulation; Photorespiration; CO2- concentrating mechanisms; C4 photosynthesis; Crassulacean acid metabolism

Photosynthesis: Energy Capture - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Site of photosynthesis in plants and bacteria; Properties of light and pigments; Phases of energy storage; Photosynthetic antennas and reaction centers; Membrane organization; Energetics and efficiency of photosynthesis

Physical Inactivity as a Determinant of Obesity - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Energy balance; Food intake; Fat stores; Trends in physical activity and energy intake; Components of physical activity; Physical activity and weight (re-)gain; Prospective studies; Evolutionary perspective; Doubly labelled water studies

Physiology and Pathology of Coagulation Factor XI - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Discovery of coagulation factor XI; Structure of factor XI; Normal plasma coagulation; Mechanisms for factor XI activation; Inherited factor XI deficiency; Factor XI in mouse thrombosis models

Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Calcium Store in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Neurones - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Endoplasmic reticulum; Calcium signaling; Intracellular integration; Calcium waves; Calcium signal propagation; Calcium tunnels; Neuronal signaling; Intracellular calcium release channels; Ryanodine receptors (RyR)

PI 3-Kinase Signalling Enzymes & Lipid Messengers - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Structure of phosphatidylinositol (PI); Action of PI 3-kinase (PI3K) on PI; PI3K and phospholipase C signalling; Discovery of PI3K; Cloning of PI3K; PI3K isoforms in mammals; Class I PI3K signalling pathways in cells; PI3K in disease

Pigments: Chlorophyll and its Synthesis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Metallotetrapyrroles; C-5 pathway in plants; C-4 pathway in animals and fungi; Photodynamic herbicides; Subcellular location of tetrapyrrole pathways; Formation of cytochromes, siroheme and phytobilins; Etioplast-chloroplast transformation"

Plaque rupture - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Inflammation and aetherosclerosis; Immune activation; Response to injury hypothesis; Discovery of the pathophysiology of aetherosclerosis; The cholesterol era; The LDL level; Arterial intima: the site of atherogenesis

Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump: Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Pathology - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Targets of the signaling function of calcium; Decoding of the calcium message by specific calcium binding proteins; Control of calcium in the cell by calcium transporting proteins in the membranes; Calcium pumps

Plasmid segregation and stability in bacteria - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Mechanisms of plasmid segregation and partition reactions; Types of plasmid partition systems in bacteria; ParA partition ATPases; Structural biology of partition-site binding proteins; Chromosome dynamics

Plasmid stabilization by cell killing - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Introduction to post-segregational killing systems; Proteic post-segregational killing systems; The Ccd system; Other proteic systems; Antisense RNA-regulated post-segregational killing systems; The plasmid R1 hok/sok system; The plasmid pAD1 par system

Plasmids, integrons and the spread of antibiotic resistance - (Henry Stewart Talks)

A description of the integron/gene cassette system; Integrons in the general environment; Class 1 integron mediated spread of antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens; How class 1 integrons work with plasmids and transposons to spread between cells

Plasmids: copy number control by antisense RNAs - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Negative feedback control of plasmid replication; General properties of plasmids; Plasmid R1; Copy number control of plasmid R1; Inhibition and translational coupling; Interaction between folded RNAs; Copy number control of ColE1-type plasmids

Plasmids: rolling-circle replication - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Rolling circle replicating (RCR) plasmids; Functional organization of rolling-circle replicating plasmids; Model for plasmid rolling-circle replication; Initiation and termination of replication in plasmids carrying two pT181 dsos

Plastid Senescence - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Critical role of senescence in plant growth, development, survival and adaptation; The senescing chloroplast (gerontoplast) as a phase of plastid differentiation; New biochemistry and gene expression in the chloroplast-to-gerontoplast transition"

Plastid Structure: Development and Differentiation - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Plastid structure; Proplastid development and differentiation; Different types of differentiated plastids; Plastid division; Control of plastid morphology

Pleiotropic and Epistatic Genes in Sickle Cell Anaemia - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Determination of pleiotropic genes; Search for polymorphic genes among the pleiotropic genes as candidates for epistasis; Known epistatic effects; Kidney pathology in sickle cell disease; Renal disease epidemiology; Panoply of transgenic mice