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Scleroderma: Systemic Sclerosis Cluster in Oklahoma Indians with Unknown Environmental Triggers - (Henry Stewart Talks)

The genetics of scleroderma; What is the evidence that it is genetic?; Familial aggregation and twin studies; The use of large case-control studies to identify the genes; The emerging genetic heterogeneity of the disease

Screening large-scale association study data: exploiting multi-gene interactions with random forests - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Screening association studies with a two-stage approach; Multiplicative models with heterogeneity; Random forest analysis; Random forest variable importance; Power; Effect of linkage disequilibrium; Genome-wide association studies; Computational issues

Searching for Genetic Association Using (Haplotype) Tagging SNPs - (Henry Stewart Talks)

The htSNP approach; R-square criterion for assessment; Power; Complexity vs. accuracy; Case studies: 4 gene regions; From htSNPs to causal variants; Quantitative traits; 1 df for dominance

Segregation Analysis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Components of segregation analysis; Maximum likelihood models; Peeling and MCMC; Estimating the segregation proportion; Ascertainment/sampling bias; Ascertainment correction; Segregation analysis for quantitative traits

Selenium and male fertility - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Selenium in nutrition: historical milestones; Selenocysteine and eukaryotic selenocysteine-containing proteins; Mechanism of incorporation of selenocysteine into proteins; Selenium and male fertility: historical milestones

Sequence Determinants of Amyloid Fibril Formation - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Amyloid fibril formation is shared property of proteins; Effect of mutations on aggregation of unstructured polypeptide chains; Importance of hydrophobicity, propensity to form beta-sheet structure and charge in amyloid formation of unstructured proteins"

Sequential analysis methods in genomic scans - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Sequential analysis in genome wide linkage and association scans; Sequential probability ratio test; Sequential multiple decision procedures; Simulation results and examples

Serpins and Serpinopathies - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Serpins; Proteases; Serpin function; Serpin structure; Serpin protease interactions; Role of co-factors in serpin function; Serpin polymerization and dysfunction; Antitrypsin deficiency; Z-antitrypsin; Mechanism of serpin polymerization

Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus: SARS-CoV - (Henry Stewart Talks)

SARS coronavirus; Gene organization; Replication; Reverse genetics; Molecular epidemiology; Pathogenesis; Emergence; Vaccine design

Sex Differences in Mortality - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Senescence; Reproductive strategies and mortality; Contemporary and historical sex differences in mortality rates; Male competition and sex differences in mortality rates within a society, across societies and across time"

SH2-Containing PTPs (Shps) in RTK Signaling and Disease - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Introduction to the PTP superfamily; Shps, history and overview; Shp stucture: role of SH2 domains, PTP domains, C-tail; catalytic mechanism; Regulation by phosphotyrosyl peptides, phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species"

SICLOPPS: genetic system for production of backbone cyclized peptides - (Henry Stewart Talks)

SICLOPPS: method for production of genetically encoded backbone cyclized peptides; Cyclic peptides as probes of biological function; Splicing of a circularly rearranged split-intein; Production and isolation of backbone cyclic peptides

Signaling from the EGF Receptor Family in Normal and Cancer Cells - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"The association of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) with the tumorigenic state; The four related members of the EGFR family (EGFR, erbB2, erbB3 and erbB4); Signaling of the activated receptors as either homo- or heteromeric oligomers"

Signalling During Engulfment: The Beginnings of a Good Meal - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Background on engulfment of apoptotic cells; Early lessons from the worm and graduating to mammals; GULP and LRP1 in engulfment; Role of ELMO and Dock180 proteins in engulfment

Signature of Local Adaptations in Human Polymorphism Data - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Changes in habit and life style during human evolution; Evolutionary dynamics of neutral and advantageous mutations; Signature of natural selection on patterns of variation linked to an advantageous variant

Similarities between prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Pathology of diseases; Prion diseases; The first family with a prion mutation: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease; Alzheimer’s disease; 7Mb duplication of locus around APP; APP probably a locus for “sporadic” Alzheimer’s disease

Site-specifically modified ribosomal RNAs - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Background on modified RNAs; Approaches for generating site-specifically modified RNAs; Examples of modifications (pseudouridine) in the ribosome; Biophysical studies on site-specifically modified RNAs representing helix 69 of the ribosome

Sjogren's Syndrome as an Autoimmune Epithelitis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Characteristics and clinical symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome (SS); The epithelial component is the mainly affected tissue; injury is associated with dense lymphocytic infiltrates by activated T and B cells

Sleep in Drosophila - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Evolution of sleep; Sleep-like behavior in Drosophila; Physiological and pharmacological characteristics; Genetics of sleep: neurotransmitter and signal transduction systems

Sodium channels and pain - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Sodium channels: molecular batteries in the nervous system; The molecular revolution teaches us that there are many types of sodium channels; Some types of sodium channels are preferentially expressed in pain-signaling neurons

Sodium-Calcium Exchange - (Henry Stewart Talks)

The definition and thermodynamic driving forces for Na/Ca exchange and the historical development of the field; The molecular biology of Na/Ca exchange family members; The regulation of Na/Ca exchange

Solid-phase peptide synthesis - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Chemical structure of peptides; Chemical peptide synthesis; Classical solution synthesis; Solid-phase peptide synthesis; Chemistry of SPPS; Automated solid-phase peptide synthesis; Impact of SPPS; Fundamentals of SPPS

Sources of Genomic Diversity - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Sources of genomic diversity: DNA and mutation, effect of mutations, inheritance, selection and drift; Environmental diversity; Natural selection; Human genomic diversity; Population growth; G6PD; DNA and mutation: point mutations (SNPs)"

Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Cellular Calcium Signals: 'Elementary' Signals and Waves - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Calcium as a life and death cellular messenger; Sequestration and liberation of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum; Calcium release through inositol trisphosphate receptors and modulation by calcium

Specific Functional Roles of RNAi in C. elegans - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Small non-coding RNA pathways; Genetics of RNAi; MicroRNAs; RNAi screening; Biological roles of RNAi; Systemic RNAi in C. elegans

Specific Functional Roles of RNAi in Drosophila - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Understanding how RNAi works; Fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster model; Three reasons for the success of the model; RNAi mechanism in Drosophila and humans is similar; Rich history of genetics in Drosophila; Robust chemistry of the Drosophila system"

Specific Functional Roles of RNAi in Mammals - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Introduction to noncoding RNAs; Functional biology of RNA interference pathways; Structural overview of microRNAs; Modes of action of small noncoding RNAs; An example of a microRNA target; Where are small RNAs expressed?

Specimen Banking: Saving for the Future - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Rationale for specimen banking; Recommended practices; Genetic analyses prior to banking nucleic acids or tissues; Long-term storage of samples; Access to resource; Analysis of samples; Choice of markers; Types/testing of markers; Major banking programs

Spinal analgesia for cancer pain - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Pain management continuum; The blood-brain barrier; CNS distribution of spinal and systemic analgesics; Selective spinal analgesia; Physiological rationale; Opioids; Local anesthetics - a2 adrenergic agonists; Ziconotide; Procedures

Spinal drug delivery: technology, biology and toxicology - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Pain: concepts and early anatomy; Role of sensory nerves and spinal cord; Enabling technology for spinal anesthesia; Rapid evolution of spinal anesthetic delivery in the US; Early appreciation of risks of spinal anesthesia

Splicing of Group I and II Introns - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Different classes of introns; Autocatalytic group I and group II introns; Discovery of self-splicing; Converting a self-splicing RNA into a multiple-turnover enzyme; The "tetrahymena ribozyme" and discovery of RNA catalysis"

Statistical Characterization of Genetic Association - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Alternative methods of estimating and testing hypotheses; Causes and description of departures from independence of alleles at one, two or three loci; Effects of multiple alleles; Comparison of allelic and genotypic association tests"

Statistical Issues in Epidemiological Studies of Gene-Environment Interaction - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Gene-environment interaction in the development of human traits, including disease; Conceptual and analytical challenges; Joint analysis of data on both genetic and environmental factors from epidemiologic studies"

Statistical tests for association - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Simple contingency table tests: genotypic test and Cochran-Armitage trend test; Logistic regression model for binary (case-control) data: incorporating covariates and extension to allow for multi-locus effects and interactions

Stem Cell Biology and Neurodegenerative Diseases - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Types of stem cells: embryonic or pluripotent, somatic, fetal vs. adult; Are stem cells a threat or a benefit?; Neurons are molecularly complex; Stem cells in the developing brain; Stem cells in the blood; Stem cells and plasticity"

Stem Cell Bioprocessing - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"The development of bioprocessing technology: control, reproducibility, automation, validation and safety; The bioprocessing environment; Bioprocessing issues; Bioprocessing operating system; Bioprocessing culture parameters: media, pH, DO and cytokines"

Stem Cell Ethics - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Stem cell biology; Therapeutic possibilities; Ethical concerns; Personal ethics; Research ethics; Moral status of human embryo; "Spare" embryos; Research embryos; Nuclear transfer embryos; Legal situation in different countries; Social ethics"

Stem Cell Memory - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Specific and stable architecture of dynamic tissue cells; the ability of stem cells to produce different cell types in a tissue while preserving their own identity; asymmetric self renewal; non-random chromosome segregation

Stem Cell Research: Immortality or a Healthy Old Age? - (Henry Stewart Talks)

What is a stem cell?; Properties of stem cells; Adult and embryonic stem cells; What is immortality?; Why do we die?; Mechanisms of programmed cell death; Mutation; Connection between tumour protection and ageing; Impact of regenerative medicine

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Regenerative medicine aims to repair, regenerate or replace damaged tissues and organs; Selection of appropriate cell sources; Plasticity; Differentiation of stem cells towards target phenotypes; Medium supplementation; Exposure to cell extracts"

Steroid hormones and their receptors in breast cancer - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Development and types of breast cancers; Molecular and cellular aspects of hormone action on breast cells; Natural and synthetic estrogens; Basis for endocrine therapies; Alternative/emerging therapeutic approaches; Strategies for breast cancer prevention

Stroke and the BBB - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Ischemic brain injury; Cytotoxic and vasogenic brain edema; Role of BBB in brain edema during stroke; Cellular regulation of BBB permeability; Reperfusion injury; Oxidative damage; Aquaporins and brain edema; Mediators of brain edema

Stroke in the young adult - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Strokes in young adults: 3% of all adult strokes; Stroke subtypes across the lifespan; Risk factor prevalence; Genetic causes of stroke; Ischemic stroke mechanism subtypes in young adults; Selected inflammatory arteriopathies

Stroke in women: epidemiology, risk and prevention - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Epidemiology; Gender differences in stroke risk factors, mortality and disability; Risk and Prevention; Issues that are specific to women, such as pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, and menopause; Risk screening recommendations"

Stroke rehabilitation - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Post-stroke rehabilitation outcomes project; Stroke rehabilitation units; Subacute rehab unit; Combined acute-subacute stroke unit; Conclusions on stroke rehab units; Elements of stroke rehab; Rehabilitation training

Structural basis for how the large ribosomal subunit catalyses peptide bond formation - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Overview of protein synthesis by the ribosome; Nature of the polypeptide exit tunnel in the large subunit; The ribosome is a ribozyme; Substrate induced fit at the peptidyl transferase center

Structural Biology of FGF signaling in Human Development and Disease - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"FGF family of ligands, and FGF receptor (FGFR) subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily; Roles of FGF signaling in mammalian biology and diseases; FGFR receptor alternative splicing and its essential role in epithelial-mesenchymal signaling loop"

Structural insights into aminoacyl-tRNA delivery by EF-Tu and translocation by EF-G - (Henry Stewart Talks)

Schematic of elongation cycle; Role of elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu; Molecular mimicry of elongation factors; Binding positions of factors and tRNA during elongation cycle; Process of tRNA selection; Proofreading; Role of bases A1492 and A1493

Structural insights into decoding of mRNA by the ribosome - (Henry Stewart Talks)

tRNA: the central player in translation; Selectivity and transition state; Decoding: selection of the correct tRNA; The bacterial ribosome; Antibiotics change the fidelity of the ribosome; Selection of aa-tRNA by the ribosome

Structure and Function of Dystrophin: Implications for Gene Therapy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - (Henry Stewart Talks)

"Introduction to duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD); Dystrophin, the gene product of the DMD locus; Structure of dystrophin; The dystrophin glycoprotein complex; Gene therapy for DMD; Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors; Mini- and micro-dystrophins"